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history by country library
The histories of the individual European nations played a huge role in world history. Learn about European countries one-by-one in these informative articles.
History of Ireland, Republic of
The Irish Free State was established by a treaty with Great Britain that went into effect in 1922.
See more »History of Italy
The Italians, an Indo-European people, had settled on the Italian peninsula by 1000 B.C.Around 900 B.C., the Etruscans, a non-Indo-European people, began to develop a civilization on the west coast.
See more »History of Latvia
Baltic peoples probably lived on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea more than 4,000 years ago.
See more »History of Lithuania
Lithuanians are believed to have settled in the region about 4,000 years ago. During the first 10 centuries A.D., their land was successively invaded by Goths, Poles, Germans, Russians, and Vikings.
See more »History of Luxembourg
Luxembourg was founded in 963 by Siegfried, a German count, as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire.
See more »History of Malta
Malta has numerous monoliths and stone ruins, the earliest dating back to about 3500 B.C.
See more »History of Montenegro
Montenegro won independence from Serbia when Serbia was conquered by the Turks in 1389.
See more »History of Netherlands
The delta region at the mouths of the Rhine, Maas, and Schelde rivers was occupied in ancient times by Celts.
See more »History of Northern Ireland
The Government of Ireland Act passed by the British Parliament in 1920 authorized separate Home Rule for the northern 6 counties of Ireland and the southern 26 counties.
See more »History of Norway
The ancient Norwegians were a seafaring people who lived along the coast. In the third century A.D.
See more »History of Poland
The ancestors of most of the inhabitants of Poland today belonged to Slavic tribes that began occupying the area about 2000 B.C.
See more »History of Portugal
In ancient times, what is now Portugal was inhabited mainly by the Lusitanians. This tribe carried on trade with the Phoenicians at Gades (Cádiz) and later with the Carthaginians who colonized southern Spain.
See more »History of Romania
In ancient times the region now within Romania was called Dacia. In the seventh century B.C., Greek colonies were founded on the Black Sea coast and a flourishing trade developed with the tribes in the interior.
See more »History of Scotland
Ancient Scotland was settled by various peoples who arrived by a number of routes from southern, central, and northern Europe.
See more »History of Serbia
The Serbs, a South Slav people, moved from the area north of the Carpathian Mountains into the region of their present homeland during the 6th and 7th centuries.
See more »History of Spain
The Iberian Peninsula has been inhabited since prehistoric times, first by Neanderthal Man and later by Cro-Magnon Man and various other early peoples.
See more »History of Sweden
About 12,000 B.C., Sweden began to emerge from the last Ice Age. As the ice sheet that had covered northeastern Europe gradually receded, Sweden became habitable.
See more »History of Switzerland
The first known inhabitants of Switzerland were a prehistoric people called Lake Dwellers.
See more »History of Ukraine
In ancient times the area of Ukraine was occupied by Scythians and other nomadic peoples.
See more »History of United Kingdom
The united kingdom of Great Britain was created in 1707 by the union of England and Scotland.
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