Our European glossary contains important terms that will help you understand the development of European history. Consult this channel to learn important terms.
In fascism, the state is all that matters, and constant conquest is necessary to glorify that state. But how do you convince people to support a philosophy that denies their personal value? Is fascism really still alive today? See more »
Carbonari, a secret revolutionary brotherhood that originated in Italy about 1811.
See more »Cavalier, in English history, one of the supporters of Charles I in the English Civil War that began in 1642.
See more »Chouans, a group of peasants in western France who rebelled against the revolutionary government in 1793.
See more »Coffeehouses, places of refreshment in which coffee is the principal beverage served.
See more »Colony, a populated area held and governed by an outside country. A colony is a subject territory under the sovereignty (complete control) of the outside country, which may or may not allow some measure of local self-government.
See more »Aix-la-Chapelle, Congress of (1818), a meeting of the members of the Quadruple Alliance—Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
See more »Berlin, Congress of, a meeting of European powers held in Berlin during June and July, 1878, following the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–78.
See more »Vienna, Congress of, a conference held in Vienna after the Napoleonic Wars. It was never formally opened or closed, but negotiations began in 1814 and ended in 1815.
See more »Continental System , a plan by which Napoleon I of France hoped to defeat Great Britain by shutting off its sea trade.
See more »Corn Laws , statutes designed to regulate the price and supply of grains, chiefly wheat.
See more »Danegeld, a medieval English tax on landholdings. It was the first regular land tax of the Middle Ages in Western Europe.
See more »Doge, the chief magistrate of the Italian republics of Venice and Genoa. The word is from the Italian for “leader.”When the republic of Venice was founded about 697 A.D., a doge was elected by popular vote to rule for life.
See more »Dutch East India Company, a trading company chartered in 1602 by the Netherlands States-General (assembly).
See more »Dutch West India Company, a company chartered by the Netherlands States-General (assembly) in 1621 to trade with Spanish and Portuguese colonies in America and Africa, and to settle Dutch colonies.
See more »Émigré, in French history, a person who fled from France during the revolution that began in 1789.
See more »The Enlightenment, a period in European history that occurred during the 18th century.
See more »Fenians, members of a secret Irish revolutionary society formed to win independence from Great Britain.
See more »Feudalism, the prevailing form of political organization in western and central Europe from 900 to 1300.
See more »French Community, a largely inactive association of France and some of the independent countries that were formerly its possessions.
See more »Directory, French, the government of the First French Republic from November, 1795, to November, 1799.
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