glossary library

Do you know what a moccasin or a wigwam is? This Native American glossary explains the meanings of important terms used in Native American culture.

Featured Article: Pemmican

Pemmican, or Pemican, a preserved and condensed food used at one time by most North American Indians. See more »

Adobe

Adobe, a building material of sun-baked clay, usually mixed with straw or an asphalt solution as a binder.

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American Indians

Indians, American, the original inhabitants of the Americas. The name was given to them by Columbus, who thought he had discovered the Indies.

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Calumet

Calumet, the ceremonial “peace pipe” used by North American Indians. The bowl was made of soapstone or red pipestone.

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Fort Snelling

Fort Snelling, a former fort at the junction of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers, 10 miles (16 km) south of present-day downtown Minneapolis.

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Gall

Gall, the nickname of Pizi (1840?–1895), a Sioux Indian chief. He was born in South Dakota, a member of the Hunkpapa Sioux.

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Meadowlark

Meadowlark, a North American bird. It is not a true lark, but a member of the blackbird and oriole family.

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Medicine Man

Medicine Man, in popular writings on the North American Indians, an Indian who treats illness or is reputed to have supernatural powers.

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Moccasin

Moccasin, formerly the standard footgear of most North American Indians. Flexible and noiseless, the moccasin was an ideal foot covering for Indian hunters.

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Pemmican

Pemmican, or Pemican, a preserved and condensed food used at one time by most North American Indians.

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Portage

Portage, a land route between two navigable waterways. The term also refers to the carrying of canoes (or boats) and goods between two waterways.

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Potlatch

Potlatch a ceremony of North American Indians of the northwest coast from Washington to Alaska.

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Rain Dance

Rain Dance, an American Indian ritual dance. Tribes in the arid Southwest held traditional dances to get rain by winning the favor of their gods.

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Rangers

Rangers, in the United States, a body of troops especially trained for scouting and raiding.

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Smoke Signal

Smoke Signal, a means of communication used by North American Indians, especially in the plains and southwest.

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Sun Dance

Sun Dance, a religious festival once common among North American Plains Indians. Its general purpose was to do homage to the deities, sometimes to gain a specific benefit but more usually as an annual ritual at the start of the hunting season.

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Teotihuacan

Teotihuacán, the capital city of an unknown people who dominated central Mexico from about 200 B.C.

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Tomahawk

Tomahawk, a weapon of certain North American Indian tribes. The name was derived from an Algonquian word.

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Totem

Totem, in anthropology, an animal or other object that is associated with a group of people, usually a clan (a group claiming descent from a common ancestor).

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Wampum

Wampum, beads made of various kinds of shells by American Indians for ornamental and ceremonial purposes.

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Wigwam

Wigwam, a dwelling of a type used by Algonquian Indians. The word is from the Abnaki language and was first used by settlers in Massachusetts.

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