Twentieth Century

Sheep- and cattle-raising had become the state's chief industry by the end of the 19th century. In the early years of the 20th century important new mineral discoveries were made—silver at Tonopah, gold at Goldfield and La Panta, copper at Ely—and a new mining boom began. Development of new processes for recovering metals from low-grade ores helped to create a stable mining industry in the state.

To attract visitors who would bring revenue to the state during the Great Depression, gambling was legalized and the residence requirements for divorce were shortened. In 1936 Hoover Dam was opened, supplying electric power for the development of manufacturing and creating Lake Mead, an important new recreation area. World War II brought increased demand for Nevada's metals. In 1951 the federal government began to use parts of Nevada as nuclear testing sites, which helped the state's economy but caused much controversy.

Gambling and tourism, centered around Reno, Las Vegas, and Lake Tahoe, became the state's major industries, and during the 1970's the state experienced unprecedented economic growth. The economy faltered during the recession of 1982-83 but rebounded strongly. According to the 1990 census, Nevada's population had grown by 50 per cent since 1980; in 1999, it was reported to be the fastest growing state in the country for the 13th consecutive year.

In 2002, President George W. Bush approved a legislative proposal to begin burying nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain by the year 2010. Nevada officials and environmentalists filed lawsuits in efforts to oppose the legislation. By 2004, an appeals court had rejected Nevada's arguments; however, the court imposed a condition that the government must first devise stronger protection from the emanating radiation for the surrounding area. While still controversial, a tentative date has been offered for the completion of the site by 2017.