The Norman Conquest

Edward was succeeded by Harold II. However, William, duke of Normandy, claimed the throne on the basis of family connections and promises he claimed had been made to him by Edward and Harold. After a cross-channel invasion from Normandy, William defeated Harold's forces in the Battle of Hastings (1066). Harold was killed. As William I, the Conqueror, the Norman duke became king.

William I was an efficient ruler. The Domesday Book, a survey of landholdings in England, was compiled during his reign, probably for tax purposes. He introduced Norman-French ideas and customs, including the feudal system, to England.