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On December 10, 1898, the peace treaty was signed in Paris. Spain freed Cuba and ceded to the United States Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, for which the United States agreed to reimburse Spain $20,000,000. Cuban independence was protected by the Teller amendment, a disclaimer of annexation passed by the U.S. Senate and attached to a war resolution bill at the outbreak of the conflict. Independence was, however, delayed by United States military occupation until May, 1902. In the Philippines, the insurgents resisted American rule and United States control was not established until 1902, after Aguinaldo's forces had been defeated. The waging of war in the Pacific gave impetus to United States annexation of Hawaii, which was considered vital to United States security. (It was annexed during the war.) The length of time it took the Oregon to sail from San Francisco to Cuba—66 days—pointed to the need for a canal across Central America and led to the building of the Panama Canal.